Scarlet firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea)

Also known as: Red firethorn

*Pyracantha coccinea*, commonly known as Scarlet Firethorn, is a semi-evergreen shrub notable for its thorny branches and dense clusters of white flowers. These flowers stand out against its glossy, dark green leaves. The shrub also produces bright red berries that are a favorite among birds. The genus name "Pyracantha" combines the Greek words "pyr," meaning "fire," and "akantha," meaning "thorn," likely highlighting the plant's sharp thorns and fiery-colored berries.

In This Article

Care Tips Water Sunlight Temperature Soil Fertilize Prune Propagation Repotting Toxicity

Attributes of Scarlet firethorn

Lifespan

Perennial

Plant Type

Shrub

Plant Height

2.5 m to 3 m

Spread

3.5 m

Leaf Color

Green

Flower Size

6 mm to 8 mm

Flower Color

White

Images of Scarlet firethorn

Quickly Identify Scarlet firethorn

Upright growth reaching 6-18 feet (1.8-5.5 meters) with reddish-brown bark and spines.

Dark green, shiny leaves 1-2.5 inches (2.5-6.4 cm) long, with cuneate bases.

Clusters of fetid, white, 5-petaled flowers in spring, 1/3 inch (0.8 cm) wide.

Orange-red pomes, berry-like, tightly clustered at 1/4 inch (6 mm) diameter.

Distinctive smooth, glossy, reddish-brown trunk bark with scattered lenticels.

Scientific Classification of Scarlet firethorn

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Dicotyledons

Order

Roses, elms, figs, and allies

Family

Rose

Genus

Firethorns

Species

Scarlet firethorn

Planting and Growing of Scarlet firethorn

Care Difficulty

Easy

Watering Schedule

Every 3 days

Sunlight Requirements

Full sun

Sunshine Duration

6-10 hours

Ideal Temperature

60-75℉

Soil Type

Potting Mix, Peat Mix

Soil pH

6.5-7.5

Fertilizer Type

Balanced

Pruning Season

Spring, Summer

Pruning Area

Branches, Leaves

Pruning Frequency

2 times a year

Repotting Season

Spring

Pot Type

Plastic, Terracotta

How to Water Scarlet firethorn?

Pyracantha coccinea prefers slightly moist soil. Watering should ensure the soil stays evenly moist without becoming waterlogged. Aim for 500 ml each time to provide adequate moisture without oversaturating. The goal is to mimic the natural rain patterns the plant would experience in its native habitat.

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What Are the Sunlight Requirements for Scarlet firethorn?

Sunlight Requirements: Full sun, Partial sun

Duration of light: 6 to 8 hours daily

Pyracantha coccinea favors full sun to partial sun conditions. Adequate lighting fosters robust growth, leading to lush, bushy appearance and abundant berry production, while poor light can stunt development.

What is the optimal sunlight for Pyracantha coccinea? ›

How can you ensure ideal lighting conditions? ›

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What Is the Ideal Temperature Range for Scarlet firethorn?

Ideal Temperature: 60 ~ 75℉

The ideal temperature range for growing Pyracantha coccinea is between 60°F to 75°F. This range allows for optimal photosynthesis and growth, ensuring that the plant receives enough warmth to thrive without the extreme heat that could cause stress. Maintaining this temperature range helps in robust foliage and berry production.

What Soil is Best for Scarlet firethorn?

Soil type: Sandy soil, Loam, Clay soil

Soil PH: 6.5 ~ 7.5

Pyracantha coccinea thrives in well-drained soils that prevent waterlogging, crucial for healthy root development. Such conditions minimize the risk of root rot and improve nutrient absorption, leading to more robust growth. While Pyracantha can adapt to various soil fertility levels, moderately fertile soil encourages lush foliage and an abundance of berries. The presence of essential nutrients supports vibrant plant health and resistance to diseases. This plant prefers soil with balanced moisture levels, keeping it neither too dry nor too soggy. Consistent moisture ensures steady growth and enhances the plant's ability to withstand environmental stresses. More About Soil→

How to Fertilize Scarlet firethorn?

Fertilizer type: Balanced

For Pyracantha coccinea, a balanced fertilizer such as 10-10-10 NPK can be used at a rate of 30 grams per square meter. Ensuring even distribution helps prevent over-fertilization in any one area. More About Fertilizing Techniques→

How to Prune Scarlet firethorn?

Pruning Time: Spring, Summer

Begin by removing dead or dying branches to maintain plant health. Cut back overgrown stems to the desired shape, ensuring the plant remains open and not too dense to allow sunlight penetration. Use sharp, clean tools and make cuts at a 45-degree angle just above a healthy bud or branch. Focus on thinning out the interior branches to improve air circulation and light penetration. This reduces the risk of fungal disease and encourages vigorous growth. Shape the plant to complement its surroundings, keeping in mind its natural form for a balanced and aesthetically pleasing appearance.

How to Propagate Scarlet firethorn plant?

Propagate Time: Spring, Early spring, Late spring

Harvest the Pyracantha coccinea berries in the fall, mash them gently, and rinse to remove the pulp. Allow seeds to dry naturally before planting.

Select healthy, semi-hardwood cuttings of about 10-15 cm in length. Remove the lower leaves, dip the base in rooting hormone, and plant them in a sandy soil mix.

Bend a low-growing stem to the ground, covering part of it with soil while leaving the shoot tip exposed. This should encourage rooting where the stem contacts the soil.

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How to Repot Scarlet firethorn plant?

Repotting frequency: Every 2-3 years

Pyracantha coccinea should be repotted when you notice that its roots are starting to circle the inside of the pot or protrude through the drainage holes. Another signal is when the growth appears stunted, or the soil seems compacted and depleted. Spring and Autumn are ideal seasons due to moderate temperatures and active root growth.

Select a pot that is one size larger than the current pot, which provides ample room for root growth. The pot should also have sufficient drainage holes to help prevent waterlogging. Using a slightly larger pot ensures the plant has the right balance of room to grow without excessive soil that retains too much moisture.

A well-draining potting mix is crucial for Pyracantha coccinea's health. The ideal soil mix should contain a combination of peat, perlite, and pine bark, offering good drainage, aeration, and modest retention of moisture. This type of soil mix prevents root rot and encourages healthy growth.

Toxicity of Scarlet firethorn

Is Scarlet firethorn toxic to cat?

Scarlet firethorn presents a slight toxicity risk to felines. If cats eat substantial quantities of scarlet firethorn berries, they may experience poisoning. Although the exact toxic agents are not specified, it is acknowledged that consuming large amounts can result in physical distress symptoms. To safeguard the health of a cat that has ingested scarlet firethorn, it is essential to seek veterinary assistance immediately for proper treatment.

Is Scarlet firethorn toxic to dog?

Scarlet firethorn presents a mild toxicity hazard for dogs. Although the plant is not considered highly toxic, consuming its fruits in significant amounts can result in poisoning for canines. When dogs eat excessive quantities of scarlet firethorn's fruits, they may show symptoms like gastrointestinal distress, vomiting, or diarrhea. It is vital for dog owners to keep a close eye on their pets and prevent them from consuming any parts of this plant. If a dog does ingest scarlet firethorn and shows signs of poisoning, it is essential to seek immediate medical attention at a veterinary clinic to safeguard the animal's health and well-being.

WARNING

The judgment on toxicity and danger is for reference only. We DO NOT GUARANTEE any accuracy of such judgment. Therefore, you SHALL NOT rely on such judgment. It is IMPORTANT TO SEEK PROFESSIONAL ADVICE in advance when necessary.

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