Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)

Also known as: Prairie oak, Mossycup white oak

The Bur Oak, native to North America, is a towering deciduous tree that can grow over 46 meters tall. Known for producing the largest acorns among oak trees, it is commonly utilized for shade, in shelterbelts, and as an ornamental tree.

In This Article

Care Tips Water Sunlight Temperature Soil Fertilize Prune Propagation Repotting Toxicity

Attributes of Bur oak

Lifespan

Perennial

Plant Type

Tree

Plant Height

30 m

Spread

18 m to 24 m

Leaf Color

Green Yellow Brown

Flower Size

2.5 cm

Flower Color

Yellow Green Gold

Images of Bur oak

Quickly Identify Bur oak

Large acorns with fringed, burlap-like caps, notably mossy.

Distinctive deeply fringed cup encasing oval acorns, resembling chestnut bur.

Leaves with 5-7 deep, rounded lobes and greyish-green undersides.

Stems turn bold-textured, slightly corky, with multiple terminal buds.

Robust trunk with gray, furrowed bark developing pronounced vertical ridges.

Scientific Classification of Bur oak

Phylum

Vascular plants

Class

Dicotyledons

Order

Fagales

Family

Beech

Genus

Oaks

Species

Bur oak

Planting and Growing of Bur oak

Care Difficulty

Easy

Watering Schedule

Every day

Sunlight Requirements

Full sun

Sunshine Duration

4-8 hours

Ideal Temperature

60-75℉

Soil Type

Potting Mix, Peat Mix

Soil pH

6.5-7.5

Fertilizer Type

Balanced

Pruning Season

Spring, Summer

Pruning Area

Branches, Leaves

Pruning Frequency

2 times a year

Repotting Season

Spring

Pot Type

Plastic, Ceramic

How to Water Bur oak?

When watering Quercus macrocarpa, aim to provide about 450 milliliters of water to ensure deep moisture penetration. The goal is to soak the root zone thoroughly, similar to a drenching rainstorm, which encourages deep root development and maintains soil moisture consistency.

What are the symptoms of an underwatered Bur oak? ›

What should I do if my Bur oak is not getting enough water? ›

What are the symptoms of an overwatered Bur oak? ›

How to save an overwatered Bur oak? ›

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What Are the Sunlight Requirements for Bur oak?

Sunlight Requirements: Full sun, Partial sun

Duration of light: 6 to 8 hours

Quercus macrocarpa thrives in full sun to partial sun environments. Ideal light conditions support abundant leaf growth, robust canopy development, and regular acorn production, enhancing vitality.

What is the ideal amount of sunlight for Quercus macrocarpa? ›

How can I ensure Quercus macrocarpa receives its ideal sunlight conditions? ›

What benefits does Quercus macrocarpa gain from ideal sunlight conditions? ›

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What Is the Ideal Temperature Range for Bur oak?

Ideal Temperature: 60 ~ 75℉

Quercus macrocarpa thrives best in temperatures ranging from 60°F to 75°F. This range provides optimal conditions for photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and overall health. Consistent temperatures within this range support robust growth, helping the tree develop strong roots and foliage.

What Soil is Best for Bur oak?

Soil type: Loam, Sandy loam

Soil PH: 6.5 ~ 7.5

The Quercus macrocarpa thrives best in well-drained soil conditions, which prevent waterlogging and allow the roots to breathe. This type of soil helps the tree to establish a strong root system essential for nutrient absorption and overall health. Bur oak prefers nutrient-rich soil, frequently found in fertile loam and sandy loam. These soils supply necessary nutrients, contributing to the vigorous growth and robustness of the plant, facilitating its majestic canopy development. While being drought-tolerant, Quercus macrocarpa benefits from soil that retains moderate moisture without being overly wet. This balance ensures the tree receives enough hydration, promoting consistent growth and resilience against dry spells. More About Soil→

How to Fertilize Bur oak?

Fertilizer type: Balanced

For Quercus macrocarpa, apply 1/2 cup of liquid fertilizer per tree every two weeks during the growing season. For slow-release fertilizers, use approximately 2 pounds per tree annually, applied at the base of the trunk. More About Fertilizing Techniques→

How to Prune Bur oak?

Pruning Time: Spring, Summer

Begin your pruning by removing any dead, diseased, or damaged branches. These can be easily identified by their brittle texture and lack of foliage. Focus on thinning the tree's canopy to allow sunlight and air to reach the inner branches. Remove any crossing or rubbing branches, which can cause damage and invite pests. Once the treetop is manageable, shape the Quercus macrocarpa to encourage a balanced form. Trim tips of lateral branches to direct growth and sustain a rounded top. More About Pruning Techniques→

How to Propagate Bur oak plant?

Propagate Time: Spring, Early spring

Collect mature acorns directly from the trees during early autumn. Ensure the acorns are healthy and free from insect damage or fungus, as these factors can significantly reduce germination rates.

To break dormancy, store acorns in a moist, cold environment for 4-6 weeks. This mimics natural winter conditions, allowing the seeds to be ready for germination come spring.

When grafting, ensure alignment of cambium layers between rootstock and scion. Limit exposure to air during grafting, as this can dry out the cuts and compromise the union.

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How to Repot Bur oak plant?

Repotting frequency: Every 2-3 years

Quercus macrocarpa should be repotted when you notice roots growing out of the drainage holes or if the tree's growth slows down despite appropriate care. Spring or early summer is the best time for repotting, as the tree is primed to enter its growth phase. This timing allows for maximum recovery and adaptation to new soil conditions.

Choose a pot that is slightly larger than the current one, ensuring it has sufficient depth for root expansion and adequate drainage holes to prevent waterlogging. A good choice would be a pot made of breathable material, like terracotta, which allows for airflow to the roots and helps regulate moisture levels.

Opt for well-draining loamy soil that mimics the oak's natural environment, thus providing necessary nutrients and preventing root rot. Such soil ensures moisture retention without causing waterlogged conditions, facilitating the healthy growth of Quercus macrocarpa.

Toxicity of Bur oak

Is Bur oak toxic to humans?

The Bur oak is a plant that possesses a certain level of toxicity, similar to other species in the *Quercus,* or oak, family. The adverse effects of consuming parts of this tree can vary from mild to moderate. The toxicity primarily arises from the tannins present in its young leaves and acorns. Ingesting these components can lead to symptoms including abdominal pain, constipation, bloody stools, diarrhea, severe thirst, and frequent urination. During both spring and autumn, children may come across the leaves and fallen acorns, potentially consuming them without awareness of their poisonous nature.

Is Bur oak toxic to cat?

The bur oak poses a slight toxicity threat to cats. If they ingest significant quantities of its leaves or seeds, they may experience poisoning, which can result in observable signs of distress. Should you suspect your cat has ingested bur oak, it is crucial to seek immediate professional assistance at a veterinary clinic to safeguard the health and welfare of the impacted animal.

Is Bur oak toxic to dog?

Bur oak presents a minor toxicity threat to dogs. If consumed in excessive quantities, the leaves or seeds of this plant can lead to poisoning in canines. Following the ingestion of bur oak parts, dogs might display symptoms including gastrointestinal distress, vomiting, or diarrhea. It is vital for dog owners to keep an eye on their pets and deter them from eating large amounts of this plant. Should a dog consume bur oak and exhibit poisoning symptoms, it is imperative to obtain prompt veterinary attention to secure the best possible recovery for the pet's health.

WARNING

The judgment on toxicity and danger is for reference only. We DO NOT GUARANTEE any accuracy of such judgment. Therefore, you SHALL NOT rely on such judgment. It is IMPORTANT TO SEEK PROFESSIONAL ADVICE in advance when necessary.

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